氧氣的基礎安全知識.doc

氧氣的基礎安全知識(1)
1　氧氣的性質
氧是自然界中分布最廣泛的元素之一，已是生物賴于生存的物質。它以游離狀態存在于空氣中，按容積計算，空氣中含氧20.93ァ?氧還以化合狀態存在于水、礦物以及一切動物、植物體中。氧在常溫常壓下是無色透明、無味、無臭的氣體，比空氣略重。在大氣壓力下，冷卻至-182.96℃時，氧氣凝結成天藍色、透明的易流動的液體；當溫度降到-218.4℃時，則凝聚成藍色固體結晶。
氧的化學性質非常活潑，是強烈的氧化劑和助燃劑，它除了與金、銀及惰性氣體氦、氖、氬、氪、氙等在一般情況下不發生化合外，與其它物質都能化合生成氧化物。氧化反應的激烈程度取決于氧氣的濃度及壓力，如果氧化反應在純氧中進行，則過程非常劇烈，同時放出大量的熱。（如金屬在氧氣中反應，如果增加氧的純度和壓力會使氧化反應顯著加劇，金屬的燃點隨著氧氣壓力增高而降低），氧與可燃氣體（乙炔、氫、甲烷等）以一定比例混合時，遇火會發生爆炸。氧經壓縮后，在輸送的過程中，如有油脂、氧化鐵屑或小粒燃燒物（煤粉、炭粒或有機纖維）存在，隨著氣流運動與管壁或機體發生磨擦、撞擊，會產生大量磨擦熱，導致管道、機器燃
Basic oxygen safety knowledge (1)
1 The nature of oxygen
Oxygen is a natural element in one of the most widely distributed, it is depends on the existence of biological material. It exists in free air, by volume, oxygen in air 20.93 ァ? To compounds of oxygen also exists in water, minerals and all animals, plants body. Oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, slightly heavier than air. At atmospheric pressure, cooled to -182.96 ℃, the oxygen condensation blue all day long, easy-flowing transparent liquid; when the temperature dropped to -218.4 ℃, then condensed into a blue crystalline solid.
Chemical properties of oxygen is very lively, is a strong oxidizer and oxidizer, its addition to gold, silver, and inert gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon does not occur under normal circumstances, foreign compounds, and other substances can combine to form oxide. The intensity of oxidation depends on oxygen concentration and pressure, if the oxidation reaction carried out in pure oxygen, then the process is very intense at the same time evolution of considerable heat. (Such as metal in the oxygen reaction, if the oxygen purity and pressure increase will significantly increase oxidation, light metals decreased with increasing oxygen pressure), oxygen and combustible gases (acetylene, hydrogen, methane, etc.) to a certain percentage of mixed time, fire will explode. The compressed oxygen, in the transportation process, if oil, iron oxide dust or pellets combustion products (coal, carbon particles or organic fibers) exist, with the air movement and the body wall or friction, impact, will have a lot of friction heat leading to pipeline, plant fuel
 

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